The Bible tells the story of Joseph, a man who rose from slavery to become the economic steward of Egypt.

When Pharaoh dreamt of seven fat years followed by seven years of famine, Joseph interpreted the message correctly: prosperity was not permanent, and prudent leadership was necessary. Joseph ordered Egypt to store grain during the years of abundance, not because he wished to suppress prosperity, but because he knew that unprepared nations are destroyed by the cycles they ignore.

When famine came, Egypt endured. It did not do so by chance. It did so because it had a Joseph who understood that stability requires foresight, institution-building, and compassion.

Australia faces its own looming famine – not of food, but of financial security, social stability, and economic resilience. The danger comes not from government debt, as political rhetoric often claims, but from excessive private debt, especially household and mortgage debt.

Three economists – Irving Fisher, Hyman Minsky, and Australia’s own Steve Keen – have given us the theoretical and empirical tools to understand why this matters. Their message mirrors Joseph’s wisdom: prosperity built on unstable foundations leads not merely to slowdown but to catastrophe unless governments act wisely, deliberately, and justly.

Australia does not need a Pharaoh promising endless prosperity. It needs a Joseph who understands that debt-driven boom years do not last forever and who has the courage to implement safeguards, discipline speculation, protect households and prepare for the storms ahead.

I. Debt, Egypt, and Australia: Lessons Ignored and Lessons Needed

Irving Fisher: Debt-Deflation and the Logic of Famine

Irving Fisher’s ‘debt-deflation theory’ explains how economies collapse when debt becomes excessive. When borrowers attempt to repay debts at the same time, they sell assets, triggering falling prices, shrinking incomes, and rising real debt burdens. A downward spiral begins. Fisher’s model is chillingly similar to the biblical famine: once the fields are barren and storehouses empty, it is too late to prevent suffering.

Australia’s household debt, among the highest in the world, is overwhelmingly tied to property. For many Australians, ‘wealth’ is actually leverage. If unemployment rises, rates remain high, or housing prices fall, Fisher’s dreaded cycle could unfold: distress selling, collapsing property values, evaporating spending, and recession. Like Egypt ignoring Pharaoh’s warning, Australia has treated its fat years as endless. Fisher reminds us they are not.

Modern Australia is not ignorant of numbers; it is ignorant of danger. Fisher’s insight is a prophetic warning to a complacent nation.

Hyman Minsky: Stability Breeds Instability – As in Scripture, Pride Precedes the Fall

Hyman Minsky’s Financial Instability Hypothesis argues that capitalist economies do not naturally stabilise; they naturally evolve toward fragility. Periods of stability breed confidence; confidence breeds leverage; leverage breeds speculation; speculation eventually leads to collapse. Minsky’s message echoes biblical wisdom: when nations say ‘we cannot fall,’ it is precisely then that they are weakest.

Australian housing markets embody Minsky’s prophecy. Rising prices created complacency. Government incentives encouraged property speculation. Banks expanded mortgage lending aggressively. Financial innovation multiplied leverage. Australians began to believe rising house prices were not a cycle but destiny.

In Scripture, Joseph’s wisdom began with acknowledging truth: abundance is temporary. Minsky provides the same counsel. Nations that mistake temporary prosperity for permanent security prepare their own ruin.

Steve Keen: An Australian Prophet in the Wilderness

Steve Keen, an Australian economist, has been one of the clearest voices warning that our prosperity is built on private credit growth rather than real, sustainable productivity. Unlike textbook economics which treats banks as neutral intermediaries, Keen emphasises endogenous money: banks create new money when they lend. That means private debt expansion artificially inflates demand on the way up – and crushes it on the way down.

Like Joseph warning Pharaoh, Keen has warned Australia. Like Joseph’s brothers, many dismissed him. Yet the fundamental truth remains: Australia has built its economy on credit rather than production, speculative real estate rather than innovation, and rising leverage rather than rising wages. Keen’s insights are not pessimism; they are realism. They call for stewardship.

Joseph was not thanked during the fat years. Neither have our debt critics been. But when famine begins, the value of foresight becomes undeniable.

II. Australia’s History: Our ‘Fat Years’ and Our Failure to Store Grain

Australia has enjoyed decades of apparent stability. But beneath mining booms, fiscal success, and headlines of ‘the miracle economy’, private debt exploded. Rather than using good times to strengthen structural resilience, Australia expanded borrowing, inflated housing markets and allowed financialisation to deepen.

The Global Financial Crisis should have been our warning dream. We avoided collapse, not because we were invincible, but because of temporary good fortune and decisive stimulus. Like a reprieve from heaven, it was an opportunity to restructure. Instead, Australia doubled down on debt. House prices resumed climbing. Borrowing accelerated. Policy served property speculation instead of social stability.

Joseph would never have wasted the fat years.

III. Why Private Debt Is an Australian Moral and Economic Crisis

Debt is not just technical. It is moral. The biblical Jubilee tradition recognised this. Excessive debt enslaves households, destroys dignity, and widens inequality. In Australia:

• Young Australians face crippling barriers to home ownership
• Households drown under mortgage burdens
• Banks profit from leverage instead of productive investment
• Inequality deepens as property owners gain while debtors suffer

Excessive private debt is not a sign of prosperity. It is a sign of national misgovernance.

IV. Why ‘Do Nothing’ Is Neither Biblical nor Rational

Some argue government should not intervene. They speak of ‘moral hazard,’ as if suffering is a cleansing fire necessary to restore virtue. But Scripture rejects cruelty disguised as righteousness. Joseph did not allow famine to ‘teach people a lesson’. He used wise policy to prevent avoidable suffering. Likewise, Fisher, Minsky, and Keen show that private debt crises are systemic. They are not simply the fault of borrowers. They are the product of political incentives, banking practices, tax structures, and deregulation. Refusing to intervene is not moral discipline. It is negligence.

V. Australia’s Joseph: What Wise Leadership Must Do

Joseph saved Egypt not with speeches, but with policy. Australia needs the same.

1. Reduce Excess Private Debt Before It Devours Us

Debt relief is not charity; it is economic medicine.

Australia should implement:

• mortgage restructuring mechanisms
• targeted household debt relief
• serious evaluation of a modern ‘debt jubilee’
• restructuring opportunities for struggling small businesses

These policies reflect Fisher’s insight that breaking the debt-deflation cycle protects everyone, including creditors, by preventing collapse. The Bible commanded debt forgiveness not because it was ‘soft’ but because permanent indebtedness destroys nations.

2. Regulate Credit Creation and Reform Housing Policy

Joseph imposed grain storage discipline. Australia must impose credit discipline.

• strengthen APRA’s macroprudential controls permanently
• restrict speculative property lending
• reform negative gearing and capital gains concessions
• discourage Ponzi-style multi-property speculation
• recognise private debt levels in RBA policy making

This aligns with Minsky: if instability is baked into capitalism, policy must contain it. A society where houses are speculative chips rather than homes is spiritually and economically sick.

3. Build Stabilising Institutions that Protect People

Joseph didn’t just survive crisis. He built systems to manage it.

Australia must:

• strengthen welfare and unemployment supports
• embrace proactive fiscal policy
• invest in public infrastructure, renewable energy, and advanced manufacturing
• reduce dependence on housing speculation for growth

Keen’s insight is clear: if growth depends on borrowing, it is not real prosperity. Biblical stewardship demands that nations build economies grounded in justice, security, and shared prosperity – not gambling on asset inflation.

VI. Australia Must Rethink Its False Idol: Fear of Public Debt

Political rhetoric in Australia treats government debt as the great evil. But Fisher, Minsky, and Keen show that the real danger is private debt. Public debt can sustain demand and rescue economies. Private debt collapses them.

Biblically, government exists to protect the vulnerable, maintain justice, and steward the nation. It is not righteousness to let households suffer for fear of public debt while private banks drown the nation in leverage. Egypt survived famine because it embraced public responsibility.

VII. A Call to Conscience and Courage

Australia stands in its seventh fat year moment. Household debt is massive. Housing unaffordability fractures the social contract. Mortgage stress rises. Banks remain dangerously mortgage-dependent. Productivity stagnates.

We can deny this reality. Or we can acknowledge what Fisher, Minsky, and Keen teach us.

Joseph saved Egypt because he listened to warning, planned with intelligence, ruled with compassion, and placed human welfare above ideology.

Australia needs leadership with:

• the foresight of Fisher
• the realism of Minsky
• the courage of Steve Keen
• and the moral seriousness of Joseph

Conclusion: If We Want To Survive the Famine, We Must Prepare Today

Irving Fisher showed how debt collapse destroys economies.

Hyman Minsky showed that such collapse is not a fluke but built into capitalism.

Steve Keen demonstrated empirically that Australia is dangerously exposed.

The Bible shows what happens when nations ignore warnings – and what happens when wise leaders prepare. Joseph did not worship prosperity; he stewarded it. He did not trust fate; he built resilience. He did not accept suffering as inevitable; he prevented it.

Australia must do the same.

We can choose complacency and hope abundance lasts forever. Or we can choose Joseph-like wisdom – reduce private debt, discipline speculative finance, strengthen stabilising institutions, and build a just economy grounded in real productivity and human security.

If Australia wants to avoid famine, it must act before famine arrives. Fisher, Minsky, and Keen have interpreted the dream for us. Now we need leaders with the wisdom to believe them – and the courage to act.